![]() ![]() Just because all societies will eventually aspire towards democratic ideals, he argues, it doesn’t follow that it’s easy to make democracy work. His critics have pointed to events such as the Rwandan genocide, the Balkan wars, and the September 11, 2001, attacks as evidence that his theory is flawed, yet Fukuyama has not wavered. Twenty five years after Fukuyama wrote that career-defining essay-“The End of History?”-it seems that mankind might sooner colonize Mars than establish universal democratic freedom on Earth. It was 1989, the Berlin Wall was about to fall, and Fukuyama, then a member of the State Department’s Policy Planning unit, wrote an essay in the National Interest arguing that liberalism faced no real competitors: it is humanity’s ideological endpoint. ![]() Francis Fukuyama is best known as the political theorist who, at the age of 36, declared that we had reached the end of history. ![]()
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